FAPESP’s (the São Paulo Research Foundation) Post-Doctoral fellowship is aimed at distinguished researchers with a recent doctorate degree and a successful research track record. The fellowship enables the development of research within higher education and research institutions located in the State of São Paulo. Post-doctoral fellowships are available within São Paulo Research Foundation funded research projects, when calls for applications are issued internationally, or as individual fellowships requested on demand. In the former, positions are advertised in the FAPESP website (www.fapesp.br/oportunidades) and candidates are selected through international competition. In the latter, the proposal for a fellowship must represent an addition to a pre-existent research group and should be developed in association with faculty in higher education and research institutions in Sao Paulo. In both cases, applications should highlight the contribution that the development of the proposed research project and the previous training of the candidate will bring to the group. In particular, the connection between the research group’s ongoing projects and the activities proposed by the fellowship holder should be highlighted. The candidates for these post-doctoral fellowships should have completed their doctoral programs no more than seven years prior to application and the proposed research project should be strongly linked to the work being developed by the proposed host group in Sao Paulo.